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第一章 總則
Chapter Ⅰ General Provisions
第一條 為保障社會主義市場經濟的健康發展。保護經濟合同當事人的合法權益，維護社會經濟秩序，促進社會士義現代化建設，制定本法。
Article 1 This Law is formulated with a view to safeguarding the sound development of the socialist market economy, protecting the lawful rights and interests of the parties to economic contracts, maintaining the socio-economic order and promoting the progress of the socialist modernization drive.
第二條 本法適用于中等民事主體的法人。其他經濟組織，個體工商戶、農村承包經營戶相互之間．為實現一定經濟目的，明確相互權利義務關系而訂立的合同。
Article 2 This Law shall be applicable to contracts entered into between civil subjects of equal footing, that is, between legal persons or other economic organizations or self-employed industrial and commercial households or leaseholding farm households for the purpose of realizing certain economic goals and defining the rights and obligations of the parties.
第三條 經濟合同，除即時清結者外，應當采用書面形式，當事人協商同意的有關修改合同的文書、電報和圖表，也是合同的組成部分。
Article 3 Economic contracts, except for those in which accounts are settled immediately, shall be in written form. Documents, telegrams and charts that relate to the modification of a contract and that are agreed upon by the parties through consultation shall also be integral parts of the contract.
第四條 訂立經濟合同，必須遵守法律和行政法規。任何單位和個人不得利用合同進行違法活動，擾亂社會經濟秩序，損害國家利益和社會公共利益，牟取非法收入。
Article 4 In concluding an economic contract, the parties must comply with the laws, administrative rules and regulations. No unit or individual may make use of a contract to engage in illegal activities, disrupt the socio-economic order, damage the interests of the State or the public interest, and seek illegal incomes.
第五條 訂立經濟合同，應當遵循平等互利、協商一致的原則。仟何一方不得把自己的意志強加給對方。任何單位和個人不得非法干預。
Article 5 In concluding an economic contract, the parties must follow the principles of equality and mutual benefit and agreement through consultation. No party may impose its own will on the other party, and no unit or individual may illegally interfere.
第六條 經濟合同依法成立，即具有法律約束力，當事人必須全面履行合同規定的義務，任何一方不得擅自變更或解除合同。
Article 6 As soon as an economic contract is established in accordance with the law, it shall have legally binding force, and the parties must fully perform their obligations as stipulated in the contract. Neither party may unilaterally modify or rescind the contract.
第七條 下列經濟合同為無效：
Article 7 The following economic contracts shall be void:
一、違反法律和行政法規的合同；
(1) contracts violating the law, administrative rules and regulations;
二、采取欺詐、脅迫等手段所簽訂的合同；
(2) contracts signed through the use of fraud, coercion or similar means;
三、代理人超越代理權限簽訂的合同或以被代理人的名義同自己或者向自已所代理的其他人簽訂的合同；
(3) contracts signed by an agent beyond the scope of his power of agency, or contracts signed by an agent in the name of his principal with himself or with another person whom he represents; and
四、違反國家利益成社會公共利益的經濟合同。
(4) economic contracts violating the interests of the State or the public interest.
無效的經濟合同，從訂立的時候起，就沒有法律約束力。確認經濟合同部分無效的，如果不影響其余部分的效力，其余部分仍然有效。
Economic contracts that are void from the time they are concluded shall have no legally binding force. If a part of an economic contract is confirmed to be void, without affecting the validity of the remainder, the remainder shall still be valid.
經濟合同的無效。中級人民法院或者仲裁機構確認。
The voidness of an economic contract shall be confirmed by the people’s courts or the arbitration agencies.
第八條 購銷、建設工程承包、加工承攬、貨物運輸、供用電、倉儲保管、財產租賃、借款、財產保險以及其他經濟合同，除法律另有規定的以外，均適用本法的規定。
Article 8 The provisions of this Law shall, except as otherwise provided in the laws, apply to all contracts for purchase and sale, construction projects, processing transportation of goods, supply and use of electricity, warehousing, lease of property, loans and property insurance and other economic contracts.
第二章 經濟合同的訂立和履行
Chapter Ⅱ The Conclusion and Performanceof Economic Contracts
第九條 當事人雙方依法就經濟合同的主要條款經過協商一致，經濟合同就成立。
Article 9 An economic contract is established once both parties have, in accordance with the law, reached agreement through consultation on the principal clauses of the contract.
第十條 代訂經濟合同，必須事先取得委托人的委托證明，并根據授權范圍以委托人的名義簽訂，才對委托人直接產生權利和義務。
Article 10 hen an economic contract is to be concluded through an agent, the agent must first obtain a proxy in writing from the principal and sign the contract in the name of the principal within the scope of his power of agency, before the contract directly gives rise to rights and obligations on the part of the principal.
第十一條 國家根據需要向企業下達指定性計劃，有關企業之間應當依照有關法律、行政法規規定的企業的權利和義務簽訂合同。
Article 11 In case the State issues a mandatory plan to enterprises according to needs, relevant enterprises shall conclude contracts between them in accordance with their rights and duties as stipulated by laws and administrative rules and regulations.
第十二條 經濟合同應具備以下主要條款：
Article 12 An economic contract shall contain the following principal clauses:
一、標的（指貨物、勞務、工程項目等）；
(1) the object ( referring to goods, labour services, construction projects, ect. ) ;
二、數量和質量；
(2) the quantity and quality;
三、價款或者酬金；
(3) the price or remuneration;
四、履行的期限、地點和方式；
(4) the time limit, place and method of performance; and
五、違約責任。
(5) the liability for breach of contract.
根據法律規定的或按經濟合同性質必須具備的條款，以及當事人一方要求必須規定的條款，也是經濟合同的主要條款。
An economic contract shall also include as its principal clauses those whose inclusion is stipulated by law or by virtue of the nature of the economic contract, or whose inclusion is considered as indispensable by either party to the contract.
第十三條 經濟合同用貨幣履行義務時，除法律或者行政法規另有規定的以外，必須用人民幣計算和支付。
Article 13 Where the obligations under an economic contract are to be fulfilled in monetary terms, except as otherwise provided by laws or administrative rules and regulations, Renminbi must be used for computation and payment.
除國家允許使用現金履行義務的以外，必須通過銀行轉帳或者票據結算。
Except for cases in which the State permits the use of cash to fulfil obligations, settlements must be made by means of transfer of bank accounts or bills.
第十四條 當事人一方可向對方給付定金。經濟合同履行后，定金應當收回，或者抵作價款。
Article 14 One party may pay a deposit to the other party. After the economic contract is performed, the deposit shall be returned or set off against the price.
給付定金的一方不履行合同的，無權請求返還定金。接受定金的一方不履行合同的。應當雙倍返還定金。
If the party that pays the deposit fails to perform the contract, it shall have no right to reclaim the deposit. If the party that receives the deposit fails to perform the contract, it shall return twice the amount of the deposit.
第十五條 經濟合同當事人一方要求保證的，可由保證人擔保。被保證的當事人不履行合同的,按照擔保約定由保證人履行或者承擔連帶責任.
Article 15 If one party to an economic contract requests a guaranty, such guaranty may be provided by a guarantor. Where the guaranteed party fails to perform the contract, the guarantor shall perform or be held with joint obligation in accordance with the agreement on the guaranty.
第十六條 經濟合同被確認無效后。當事人依據該所取得的財產，應返還給對方。有過錯的一方應賠償對方因此所受的損失；如果雙方都有過錯。各自承擔相應的責任。
Article 16 After an economic contract has been confirmed to be void, the parties shall return to each other any property that they have acquired pursuant to the contract. If one party is at fault, it shall compensate the other party for losses incurred as a result thereof. If both parties are at fault, each party shall be commensurately liable.
違反國家利益或社會公共利益的同時，如果雙方都是故意的，應追繳雙方已經取得或者約定取得的財產，收歸國庫所有。
In the case of an economic contract which violates the interest of the State and the public interest, if both parties have acted wilfully, the property that they have acquired or are due to acquire by mutual agreement shall be recovered and turned over to the State Treasury.
如果只有一方是故意的，故意的一方應將從對方取得的財產返回對方；非故意的一方已經從對方取得或約定取得的財產，應收歸國庫所有。
If only one party has acted wilfully, the wilful party shall restore to the other party the property it has acquired from the latter; the party that has not acted wilfully shall turn over to the State Treasury and property it has acquired from the other party or is due to acquire by mutual agreement.
第十七條 購銷合同（包括供應、采購、預購、購銷結合及協作、調劑等合同）中產品數量、產品質量和包裝質量、產品價格和交貸期限按以下規定執行：
Article 17 The terms reguarding the quantity, quality, packaging quality and prices of products and the time limit for their delivery in purchase and sale contracts ( including contracts for supply, procurement, forward purchase, combination and coordination in purchases and sales, and adjustment ) shall be implemented in accordance with the following provisions:
一、產品數量，由供需雙方協商簽訂。產品數量的計量方法，按國家的規定執行，沒有國家規定的，按供需雙方滿足的方法執行。
(1) The product quantity term shall be concluded between the supplying and purchasing parties through consultation. The method of measuring product quantity shall be governed by the provisions of the State; in the absence of such provisions, a method agreed upon by the supplying and purchasing parties shall be applied.
二、產品質量要求和包裝質量要求，有國家強制性標準或者行業強制性標準的，不得低于國家強制性標準或者行業強制性標準簽訂；沒有國家強制性標準，也沒有行業強制性標準的，由雙方協商簽訂。
(2) The product quality and packaging quality requirements terms shall be concluded in accordance with the standard which may not be lower than the State mandatory standards or the trade mandatory standards if such standards exist; in the absence of such standards, the terms shall be concluded between the parties through consultation.
供方必須對產品的質量和包裝質量負責，提供據以驗收的必要的技術資料成實樣。
The supplying party must be responsible for the product quality and packaging quality and provide the technical data or samples necessary for inspection.
產品質量的驗收、檢疫方法，根據國務院批準的有關規定執行，沒有規定的由當事人雙方協商確定。
The methods of ascertaining product quality through inspection and quarantine shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions approved by the State Council; in the absence of such provisions, the parties shall determine the methods through consultation.
三、產品的價格，除國家規定必須執行國家定價的以外．由當事人協商議定。
(3) The product price term shall, except where the State provides that the State-fixed prices must be followed, be determined by the parties through consultation.
執行國家定價的，在合同規定的交付期限內國家價格調整時，按交付時的價格計價。逾期交貨的，遇價格上漲時，按原價格執行；價格下降時，按新價格執行。逾期提貨或者逾期付款的，遇價格上漲時，按新價格執行。
In cases where a product is to be supplied on the basis of the State-fixed price, if the said price is readjusted before the time limit for delivery as provided in the contract, the payment shall be calculated according to the price at the time of delivery. If the delivery is delayed and the price has risen, the original price shall be adopted; if the price has dropped, the new price shall be adopted. In the event of delay in taking delivery of goods or late payment, if the price has risen, the new price shall be adopted; if the price has dropped, the original price shall be adopted.
四、交（提）貨期限要按照合同規定履行。任何一方要求提前或延期交（提）貨，應在事先達成協議，并按協議執行。
(4) The time limit for delivery ( or taking delivery ) of the goods shall be carried out in accordance with the stipulations in the contract. If any party requests advancement or extension of the time limit for delivery ( or taking delivery ) of the goods, it shall reach an agreement with the other party beforehand, and implement it accordingly.
第十八條 建設工程承包合同，包括勘察、設計、建筑、安裝，可以由一個總包單位與建設單位簽訂總包合同，也可以由幾個承包單位與建設單位分別簽訂合同。
Article 18 In contracting for construction projects, including survey, design, building and installation, one general contractor may sign a general contract with the construction client, or several contractors may separately sign contracts with the construction client.
國家的重大建設工程項目承包合同，根據國家規定的程序和國家批準的投資計劃、計劃任務書等文件簽訂。
Contracts for major construction projects of the State shall be concluded in accordance with procedures prescribed by the State and investment plans, planned project descriptions and other documents approved by the State.
勘察、設計合同中，應規定雙方提交勘察、設計基礎資料、設計文件（包括概預算）的時間，設計的質量要求以及其他協作條件等條款。
Survey and design contracts shall provide the time for delivery of the basic survey or design data and design documents ( including an estimated budget ) by both parties, the quality requirements of the design, other conditions for coordination and other similar provisions.
建筑、安裝工程合同中，應明確規定工程范圍、建設工期、中間交工工程開、竣工時間、工程質量、工程造價、技術資料交付時間、材料和設備供應責任、撥款和結算、交工驗收、雙方互相協作等條款。
Building and installation contracts shall expressly provide the scope of the project, the construction work period, the time for beginning and completing intermediate construction projects, the quality of the work, the costs of construction, the time for delivery of technical data, the responsibilities for the supply of materials and equipment, the allocations of funds and settlement of accounts, the inspection and acceptance of the projects upon completion, the mutual cooperation by the parties and other similar terms.
建設工程的竣工驗收，應以施工圖紙及說明書、國家頒發的施工驗收規范和質量檢驗標準為依據。
The inspection and acceptance of construction projects upon completion shall be carried out according to the blueprints and written instructions, and to the work testing norms and quality inspection standards issued by the state.
第十九條 加工承攬合同，應根據定作方提出的品名、項目、質量要求和承攬方的加工、定作、修繕能力簽訂。除合同另有規定的以外，承攬方必須以自己的設備、技術和勞力，完成加工定作、修繕任務的主要部分，不經定作方向意，不得把接受的任務轉比給第三方。定作方應當接受承攬方完成為物品或工作成果，并給付報酬。
Article 19 Processing contracts shall be concluded on the basis of the ordering party’s requirements as to the description of goods, the items and quality, and of the contractor’s capacity to process, make to order or repair. Except as otherwise provided in the contract, the contractor must use its own equipment, technology and labour force to complete the principal part of the tasks of processing, making to order and repairing and may not, without the consent of the ordering party, assign the accepted tasks to a third party. The ordering party shall accept the products and articles completed by the contractor and shall pay remuneration therefor.
承攬方對定作方提供的原材料，應及付檢驗，發現不符合合同規定時，應立即涵印定作方調換或者補齊。承攬方對定作方是供的原材料不得擅自更換，對修理的物品不得偷換零件，違反的應承擔賠償責任。
The contractor shall promptly inspect the raw and processed materials supplied by the ordering party and, if it discovers that they do not conform to the stipulations of the contract, it shall immediately notify the ordering party to replace them or supply what is lacking. The contractor may not, without permission, replace any raw and processed materials supplied by the ordering party and may not covertly exchange components of articles being repaired, and violators shall be liable for making compensation.
承攬方修繕房屋或者加工成批非標準化物品，應接受定作方必要的檢查和監督。但定作方不得妨礙承攬方的正常工作。承攬方承攬的復制、設計、翻譯和物品性能測試、檢驗等任務，定作方要求保密的，應嚴格遵守。
When the contractor repairs a building or processes a batch of non-standardized articles, it shall accept necessary inspection and supervision by the ordering party, but the latter may not obstruct the contractor’s normal work. The contractor shall strictly comply with the ordering party’s request to keep confidential the duplications, designs translations, tests and inspections of the performance of certain articles, and other tasks contracted for by the contractor.
定作方超過領取期限六個月不領取定作物，承攬方有權將定作物變賣，所得價款在扣除報酬、保管費用后，用定作方的名義存入銀行。
If the ordering party does not take delivery of the ordered products within six months of the time limit for taking delivery, the contractor shall have the right to sell the ordered products and shall, after deducting its remuneration and storage fees from the money obtained from such sales, deposit the remainder in a bank in the name of the ordering party.
第二十條 貨物運輸合同，由托運方和承運方協商簽訂。
Article 20 Contracts for the transportation of goods shall be concluded between the shipper and the carrier through consultation.
凡涉及聯運的，應明確規定雙方或多方的責任和交接辦法。
Any contract involving transshipment shall expressly provide the responsibilities of both or all parties and the freight delivery methods.
托運的貨物按照規定需要包裝的，托運方必須按照國家主管機關規定的標準包裝；沒有統一規定包裝標準的，應根據保證貨物運輸安全的原則進行包裝，否則承運方有權絕拒絕承運。
If consigned goods, in accordance with stipulations, require packaging, the consignor must package the goods in accordance with the standards prescribed by the State authorities in charge; in the absence of uniform packaging standards, packaging shall be carried out in accordance with the principle of securing the safe transport of the goods, or else the shipper shall have the right to refuse to undertake the shipment.
第二十一條 供用電合同，根據用電方需要和電力可供量簽訂。合同中應明確規定電力、電量、用電時間和違約責任等條款。
Article 21 Contracts for the supply and use of electricity shall be concluded in accordance with the needs of the electricity user and the electrical supply capacity. The contract shall expressly provide the electrical power, the amount of electricity, the period of use of electricity, the liability for breach of contract and other similar terms.
第二十二條 倉儲保管合同，根據存貨方委托儲存計劃和保管方的倉儲能量由雙方協商簽訂。零星貨物的儲存，根據有關倉儲規定簽訂。
Article 22 Warehousing contracts shall be concluded through consultation between the parties in accordance with the storing party’s plan for storage on consignment and the warehousing capacity of the safekeeping party.
倉儲保管合同中應明確規定儲存貨物的品名、規格、數沒和保管方法，驗收項目和驗收方法。人庫、出庫手續，損耗標準和損耗的處理，費用負擔和結算方法，違約責任條款。
The storage of odd-lot goods shall be contracted in accordance with the relevant provisions on storage. Warehousing and safekeeping contracts shall expressly provide the type, specifications and quantity of goods to be stored, and the method of safekeeping, the items to be inspected, the inspection methods, the procedures for depositing and withdrawing the goods from storage, the standards of loss and damage and the handling of loss or damage, the responsibility for expenses and the method of settling accounts, the liability for breach of contract and other similar terms.
保管方應按照合同規定的包裝外觀、貨物品種、數量的質量，對入庫貨物進行驗收，如果發現入庫貨物與合同規定不符。應及時通知存貨方。
The safekeeping party shall inspect the goods to be put into storage in accordance with the provisions of the contract concerning the packaging exterior and the type, quantity and quality of the goods, and, if it discovers that the goods to be put into storage do not conform to the provisions of the contract, it shall promptly notify the storing party.
保管方驗收后，如果發生貨物品種、數量、質量不符合同規定，由保管方承擔賠償責任。
If, after the safekeeping party has inspected the goods, a non-conformity between the type, quantity or quality of the goods and the provisions of the contract occurs, the safekeeping party shall be liable for making compensation.
存貨方應當向保管方提供必要的貨物驗收資料，否則，發生貨物品種、數量、質量不符合同規定時，保管方不承擔賠償責任。
The storing party shall provide the safekeeping party with necessary data for inspection of the goods, or else the safekeeping party shall not be liable for making compensation should any non-conformity between the type, quantity or quality of the goods and the provisions of the contract occur.
第二十三條 財產租賃合同，應時確規定租賃財產的名稱、數量、用途、積賃期限、租金和租金交納期限、租賃期間財產維修保養的責任、違約責任等條款。
Article 23 Contracts for the lease of property shall expressly provide the name, quantity and use of the leased property, the term of the lease, the rent and the time limit for payment of the rent, the responsibility for maintenance and keeping the property in good repair during the term of the lease, the liability for breach of contract and other similar terms.
出租方應按照合同規定時間和標準，將出租的財產交給承租方使用。如果出租方將財產所有權轉移給第三方時，租賃合同對財產新的所有方繼續有效。
The lessor shall, in accordance with the time and standards provided in the contract, turn over the leased property for the use of the lessee. If the lessor transfers the ownership of the property to a third party, the lease contract shall continue to be effective with respect to the new owner of the property.
承租方因工作需要，可以把租賃物轉讓給第三方承租使用，但必須事先征提出租方的同意。
The lessee may, because of work requirements, assign the use of the leased property to a third party, but it must first obtain the consent of the lessor.
租金的標準，國家有統一規定的，按統一規定簽訂；沒有統一規定的，由當事人雙方協商議定。
The term concerning rent standards shall be concluded in accordance with the State uniform provisions if such provisions exist. In the absence of such provisions, the rent shall be determined through consultation between the parties.
第二十四條 借款合同應當遵守國務院有關規定。合同中，應明確規定貸款的數額、用途、期限、利率、結算辦法和違約責任等條款。
Article 24 Loan contracts shall be concluded in accordance with relevant provisions of the State Council. The contract shall expressly provide the amount of the loan, the use, the term, the interest rate, the procedures for settling accounts, the liability for breach of contract and other similar terms.
第二十五條 財產保險合同，由投保人提出保險要求，經保險人同意承保，并就合同的條款達成協議后成立。
Article 25 Property insurance contracts shall be concluded after the insurant submits demands for insurance, the insurer agrees to undertake the insurance and an agreement has been reached on the terms of the contract between the two parties.
保險人應當及時向投保人簽發保險單或者其他保險憑證。
The insurer shall issue an insurance policy or other insurance certificates to the insurance without delay.
保險合同中，應明確規定保險標的、座落地點（或運輸工具及航超）、保險余額、保險責任、除外責任、賠償辦法、保險費繳付辦法以及保險起迄期限等條款。
An insurance contract shall expressly provide the object of the insurance, the exact location ( or the means of transport and voyage ), the insured amount, the insured liability, the excluded liability, the method of paying compensation and insurance premiums, the beginning and end of the insured term and other similar terms.
投入方法應當維護被保險財產的安全。保險方可以對被保險財產的安全情況進行檢查，如發生不安全因素，應及時通知投保方加以消除。
The policy holder shall protect the safety of the insured property. The insurer may conduct safety inspections of the insured property, and, if it discovers unsafe aspects, it shall promptly notify the policy holder to eliminate them.
被保險財產的損失。應由第三人負責賠償的，如果投保方向保險方提出要求，保險方可以按照合同規定先予賠償，但投保方必須將追償權轉讓給保險方，并協助保險方向第三者追償。
When a third person should be responsible for paying compensation for losses with respect to the insured property, if the policy holder submits a claim against the insurer, the insurer may first make compensation in accordance with the provisions of the contract, but the policy holder must assign its right to recover compensation to the insurer and assist him in recovering the compensation from the third person.
第三章 經濟合同的變更和解除
Chapter Ⅲ The Modification and Rescission of Economic Contracts
第二十六條 凡發生下列情況之一者，允許變更解除經濟合同：
Article 26 It shall be permissible to modify or rescind an economic contract if any of the following situations occurs:
一、當事人雙方經協商同意。并且不因此損害國家利益和社會公共利益；
(1) if both parties agree through consultation, and if such modification or rescission would not harm the interests of the State and the social public interests;
二、由于不可抗力致使經濟合同的全部義務不能履行；
(2) if force majeure makes it impossible to perform the entire obligations under the economic contract; or
三、由于另一方在合同約定的期限內沒有履行合同。
(3) if the other party to an economic contract fails to perform the contract within the time limit agreed upon in the contract.
屬于前款第二項或第三項規定的情況的，當事人一方有權通知另一方解除合同。
In case of Item (2) of Item (3) of the preceding paragraph, one party shall have the right to notify the other party of the rescission of the economic contract.
因變更或解除經濟合同使一方遭受損失的，除依法可以免除責任的以外。應由責任方負責賠償。
If one party suffers losses due to modification or rescission of the economic contract, the party that is held responsible, except when it may be exempted from liability according to law, shall be liable for making compensation.
當事人一方發生合并、分立時。由變更后的當事人承擔或分別承擔履行合同的義務和享受應有的權利。
If one party is merged or divided, the party or parties resulting from the change shall assume or severally assume the obligation to perform the contract and shall enjoy its or their due rights under the contract.
第二十七條 變更或解除經濟合同的通知或協議，應當采取書面形式（包括文書、電報等）。
Article 27 The notice or agreement regarding the modification or rescission of an economic contract shall be in written from ( including a document, a telegram, ect. ).
除由于不可抗力致使經濟合同的全部義務不能履行或者由于另一方在合同約定的期限內沒有履行合同的情況以外，協議未達成之前，原經濟合同仍然有效。
Before an agreement is reached, the original economic contract shall continue to be effective, except that force majeure makes it impossible to perform the entire obligations of the economic contract or the other party to the economic contract fails to perform the contract within the time limit agreed upon in the contract.
第二十八條 經濟合同訂立后，不得因承辦人或法定代表人的變動而變更或解除
Article 28 After an economic contract is concluded, it may not be modified or rescinded due to replacement of the person who has undertaken to conclude the contract or of the legal representative.
第四章 違反經濟合同的責任
Chapter Ⅳ Liability for Breach of Contracts
第二十九條 由于當事人一方的過錯，造成經濟合同不能履行或者不能完全履行或者不能完全履行，由有過錯的一方承擔違約責任；如屬雙方的過錯，根據實際情況，由雙方分別承擔各自應負的違約責任。
Article 29 If, due to the fault of one party, an economic contract cannot be performed or cannot be fully performed, the party at fault shall be liable for breach of the contract; if both parties are at fault, in accordance with the actual conditions, each party shall be commensurately liable for breach of the contract that is due to its fault.
由于失職、瀆職或其它違法行為造成重大事故或嚴重損失的直接責任者個人，應追究經濟、行政責任直至刑事責任。
If an individual is directly responsible for dereliction of duty, malfeasance or other unlawful conduct that gives rise to a major accident or severe losses, he shall be investigated for economic and administrative responsibility, and even criminal responsibility.
第三十條 當事人－方由于不可抗力的原因不能履行經濟合同的。應及時向對方通報不能履行或者需要延期履行、部分履行經濟合同的理由在取得有關證明以后，允許延期履行、部分履行或不履行、并可根據情況部分全鄰免予承擔違約責任。
Article 30 If a party cannot perform an economic contract due to force majeure, it shall promptly notify the other party of the reason for its inability of performance or for its needs of a defered performance or partial performance of the economic contract. After it has obtained a relevant certificate, it shall be permitted to extend the time for performance, to perform partly or not to perform, and it may, in accordance with the circumstances, be partly or completely exempted from liability for breach of contract.
第三十條 當事人一方違反經濟合同時，應向對方支付違約金。如果由于違約已給對方造成的損失超過違約金的，還應進行賠償，補償違約金不足的部分。對方要求繼續履行合同的，應繼續履行。
Article 31 If a party breaches an economic contract, it shall pay damages for the breach to the other party. If the breach of contract has already caused the other party to suffer losses that exceed the amount of the damages, the breaching party shall make compensation for the amount exceeding the breach of contract damages. If the other party demands continued performance of the contract, the breaching party shall continue to perform.
第三十一條 違約金、賠償金應在明確責任后十天內償付。否則按逾期付款處理。
Article 32 Breach of contract damages and compensatory damages shall be paid within ten days after liability is clearly established, or else the matter shall be handled as an overdue payment.
第三十二條 違反購銷合同的責任：
Article 33 Liability for breach of a purchase and sale contract.
一、供方的責任：
(1) Liability of the supplying party:
1．產品的品種、規格、數量、質量和包裝質量不符合合同規定，或未按合同規定日期交貨，應償付違約金，賠償金。
a. If the type, specifications, quantity, quality or packaging of the product does not conform to the provisions of the contract, or if delivery is not made on the date prescribed in the contract, it shall pay breach of contract damages and compensatory damages.
2．產品錯發到貨地點或接貨單位（人），除按合同規定負責運到規定的到貨地點或接貨單位（人）外，并承擔因此而多支付的運雜費；如果造成逾期交貨，償付逾期交貨的違約金。
b. If the goods are sent to the wrong destination or receiving unit ( or individual ), in addition to transporting the goods to the destination or receiving unit ( or individual ) prescribed in the contract, it shall also be liable for paying any extra freight and miscellaneous charges incurred as a result thereof; if the error causes overdue delivery, it shall pay breach of contract damages for overdue delivery.
二、需方的責任：
(2) Liability of the purchasing party:
1.中途退貨應償付違約金、賠償金。
a. If it cancels an order during the contract term, it shall pay breach of contract damages and compensatory damages.
2.未按合同規定日期付款或提貨、應償付違約金。
b. If it fails to make payment or take delivery on the date prescribed in the contract, it shall pay breach of contract damages.
3.錯填或臨時變更到貨地點，承擔由此而多支出的費用。
c. If it erroneously writes out or at the last moment changes the destination of the goods, it shall be liable for any extra expenses incurred as a result thereof.
第三十三條 違反建設工程承包合同的責任
Article 34 Liability for breach of a construction project contract.
一、承包方的責任：
1.Liability of the contractor:
1.因勘察設計質量低劣成未按期提交勘察設計文件拖延工期造成損失，由勘察設計單位繼續完善設計，并減收或免收勘察設計費，直至賠償損失。
a.If, due to the inferior quality of survey and design work or because survey and design documents are not submitted in time, the work period is prolonged and losses are caused thereby, the survey and design unit shall continue to complete the designs and shall reduce or forfeit its survey and design fees and shall even make compensation for the losses.
2.工程質量不符合合同規定。發包方有權要求限期無償修理或者返工、改建，經過修理或者返工、改建后，造成逾期交付的，承包方償付逾期的違約金。
b.If the construction quality does not conform to the stipulations of the contract, the party awarding the contract shall have the right to demand that the project be repaired or remedied and reconstructed within a fixed time and without extra payment, and if such repair or remedy and reconstruction causes overdue delivery of the project, the contractor shall pay breach of contract damages for overdue performance.
3.工程交付時間不符合合同的規定，償付逾期的違約金。
c. If the time the project is delivered does not conform to the stipulations of the contract, the contractor shall pay breach of contract damages for overdue performance.
二、發包方的責任：
(2) Liability of the party awarding the contract:
1.因勘察未按合同規定的時間和要求提供原材料、設備、場地、資金、技術資料等，除工程日期得以順延外,還應償付承包方因此造成停工、窩工的實際損失。
a. If the raw and processed materials, equipment, site, funds, technical data, ect., are not supplied according to the time or requirements stipulated in the contract, in addition to accepting a delay in the work deadline, it shall also reimburse the contractor for actual losses from work stoppages and idling of the labour force as a result thereof.
2.工程中途停建、緩建，應采取措施彌補或減少損失，同時賠償承包方由此而造成的停工、窩工、倒運、機械設備調遷、材料和構件積壓等損失和實際費用。
b. If construction is stopped or postponed in the course of the work, it shall adopt measures to offset or reduce the losses and at the same time compensate the contractor for losses and actual expenses incurred as a result thereof due to work stoppages, idling of the labour force, changes in transportation, transfers of machinery and equipment, overstocking of materials and components, etc.
3.由于變更計劃，提供的資料不準確。或未按期提供必須的勘察、設計工作條件而造成勘察、設計的返工、停工成修改設計，按承包方實際消耗的工作量增付費用。
c. If the plans are modified, the data supplied are not accurate or the conditions for survey and design work are not provided in good time and, as a result thereof, the survey and design work has to be redone or stopped, or the design revised, it shall pay additional expenses for the amount of work actually expended by the contractor.
4.工程未經驗收，提前使用，發現質量問題，自己承擔責任。
d. If problems of quality are discovered in the project it has put into use without having first examined and accepted, it shall be held solely responsible.
5.超過合同規定日期驗收或付工程費，償付逾期的違約金。
e. If it exceeds the deadline stipulated in the contract for examination and acceptance or for paying the construction fees, it shall pay breach of contract damages for overdue performance.
第三十四條 違反加工承攬合同的責任
Article 35 Liability for breach of a processing contract.
一、承攬方的責任：
(1) Liability of the contracting party:
1.由于保管不善，致使定作方提供的材料和物品損壞、丟失的，負責賠償。
a. If due to improper storage the materials or articles supplied by the ordering party are damaged, lost or destroyed, it shall be liable for making compensation.
2.未按合同規定的質量、數量完成定作方交付的工作,應無償進行修理、補足數量或者酌減報酬。 如果工作成果有重大缺陷，還應承擔賠償責任。
b. If the quality or quantity of work delivered to the ordering party does not conform to the prescriptions of the contract, it shall, without charge, undertake to make repairs or supplement the quantity or, depending on the circumstances, reduce remuneration. If the results of the work have a serious defect, it shall also be liable for making compensation.
二、定作方的責任：
(2) Liability of the ordering party:
1.未按時、按質、按量向承攬方提供原材料，造成工作延期的，負責賠償損失。
a. If it does not provide the contracting party with raw and processed materials on time or of the requisite quality or quantity and thereby causes a prolonging of the work period, it shall be liable for making compensation for any losses.
2.超過規定期限領取定作或修理的物品，應向承攬方給付逾期保管費。
b. If it exceeds the deadline stipulated for taking delivery of the articles ordered or repaired, it shall pay a storage fee to the contracting party for the overdue period.
3.超過合同規定期限付款，償付逾期的違約金。
c. If it exceeds the deadline for making payment stipulated in the contract, it shall pay breach of contract damages for overdue payment.
第三十五條 違反貨物運輸合同的責任
Article 36 Liability for breach of a freight transportation contract.
一、承運方的責任： 1.不按運輸合同規定的時間和要求配車（船）發運的，償付托運方違約金。
(1) Liability of the shipper:a. If it fails to arrange for a vehicle ( or ship ) for shipment in accordance with the time or requirements of the transportation contract, it shall pay to the consignor breach of contract damages.
2.貨物錯運到貨地點或接貨人，應無償運至合同規定的到貨地點或接貨人。如果貨物運到逾期，償付逾期交貨的違約金。
b. If the goods are sent to the wrong destination or receiving person, it shall transport them free of charge to the destination or receiving person stipulated in the contract. If the goods are delivered after the stipulated time, it shall pay breach of contract damages for overdue delivery.
3.運輸過程中貨物丟失、短少、變質、污染、損壞、按貨物實際損失（包括包裝資、運雜費)賠償
c. If the goods are lost or destroyed, suffer a shortage, deteriorate or are contaminated or damaged in the course of transportation, it shall pay compensation for the actual loss to the goods ( including packaging expenses and freight and miscellaneous expenses ).
4.聯運的貨物發生丟失、短少、變質、污染、損壞應由承運方承相賠償責任的，由終點階段的承運方按照規定賠償，再由終點階段的承運方向負有責任的其他承運方賠償。
d. If destruction, loss, shortage, deterioration or contamination of or damage to the goods for which the shipper is liable for making compensation occurs during through transshipment, the shipper for the fainal stage of transport shall make compensation as stipulated and then the shipper for the final stage may pursue reimbursement from any other responsible shipper.
5.在符合法律和合規定條件下的運輸，由于下列原因造成貨物丟失、短少、變質、污染、損壞的，承運方不承擔違約責任：
e. If, during transportation that is in conformity with the law and the provisions of the contract, destruction, loss, shortage, deterioration or contamination of or damage to the goods is caused by any of the following reasons, the shipper shall not be held liable for breach of contract:
①不可抗力；
(ⅰ) force majeure;
②貨物本身的自然性質；
(ⅱ) the natural characteristics of the goods;
③貨物的合理扣耗；
(ⅲ) reasonable loss and damage of the goods; or
④托運方或收貨方本身的過錯。
(ⅳ) the fault of the consignor or the recipient of the goods.
二、托運方的責任：
(2) Liability of the consignor:
1.未按運輸合同規定的時間和要求提供托運的貨物。償付承運方違約金。
a. If it does not provide the consigned goods in accordance with the time and requirements stipulated in the contract, it shall pay to the shipper breach of contract damages.
2.由于在普通貨物中夾帶、匿報危險貨物，錯報笨重貨物重量等而招致用具斷裂、貨物摔損、吊機傾翻、爆炸、腐蝕等事故，承擔賠償責任。
b. If it smuggles or conceals dangerous goods among ordinary goods or incorrectly declares the weight of heavy goods, etc., thus causing lifting equipment to break, the goods to be broken or damaged, cranes to be overturned, or an explosion, corrosion or other similar accident to occur, it shall be liable for paying compensation.
3.由于貨物包裝缺陷產生契損,致使其他貨物或運輸工具、機械設備被污染腐蝕、 損壞，造成人身傷亡的，承擔賠償責任。
c. If defective packaging produces damage and thus causes other goods or means of transport, machinery or equipment to be contaminated, corroded or damaged or causes human casualties, it shall be liable for paying compensation.
4.在托運方專用線或在港、站公用專張、專用鐵道自裝的貨物，在到站卸貨時，發現貨物損壞、短少，在車輛施封完好或無異狀的情況下，應賠償收貨人的損失。
d. If the goods have been loaded by the consignor at its own special-purpose loading point or at a public special-purpose loading point at a harbour or station or at a special-purpose railway loading point, and if damage or shortage is found upon checking the goods at the unloading point, in circumstances where the vehicle was perfectly sealed or there are no abnormal conditions, the consignor shall compensate the receiving party for the losses.
5.罐裝發運貨物，因未隨車附帶規格質量證明或化驗報告，造成收貨方無法卸貨時。償付承運方卸車等存費及違約金。
e. If goods transported in a tank car are not accompanied by the certificate of specifications and quality or the laboratory test report, preventing the recipient of the goods from being able to unload the goods, the consignor shall reimburse the shipper for delayed unloading and storage charges as well as breach of contract damages.
第三十六條 違反供用電合同的責任
Article 37 Liability for breach of a contract for the supply and use of electricity.
一、供電方的責任：
(1) Liability of the supplier of electricity:
供電方要按照國家規定的供電標準對合同規定安全供電，因故限電，應事先通知用電方。如無正當理由限電或由于供電方的責任斷電，應賠償用電方由此而造成的損失。
The supplier of electricity must supply electricity in a safe manner in accordance with power supply standards stipulated by the State and with the stipulations of the contract. If it has cause to restrict electricity, it shall notify the user in advance. In the absence of a proper reason for restricting the use of electricity or if electricity is cut off due to the fault of the supplier of electricity, it shall compensate the user for the losses caused thereby.
二、用電方的責任：
(2) Liability of the user of electricity:
用電方要根據合同規定用電，因特殊用 電時，應事先通知供電方。如無正當理由超負荷用電或不按規定時間用電，應償付違約金。
The user must use electricity in accordance with the provisions of the contract. If, due to special circumstances, it needs to use more electricity or cannot use electricity at the specified time, it shall notify the supplier in advance. If in the absence of a proper reason for the overload of electricity or for not using electricity at the stipulated time, it shall pay breach of contract damages.
違反用水合同、供用氣合同的責任，可參照本條規定處理。
The liability for breach of a contract for the supply and use of water or of a contract for the supply and use of gas may be handled with reference to the provisions of this Article.
第三十七條 違反倉儲保管合同的責任
Article 38 Liability for breach of a warehousing contract.
一、保管方的責任：
(1) Liability of the safekeeping party:
1.貨物在儲存期間。由于保管不善而發生貨物丟失、短少、變質、污染、損壞的，負責賠償損失。如屬包裝不符合合同規定或超過有效儲存期而造成貨物損壞、變質的，不負賠償責任。
a. If improper safekeeping during the period of storage of the goods causes destruction, shortage, deterioration or contamination of or damage to the goods, it shall be liable for paying compensation for the losses. If the goods are damaged or deteriorate due to the packaging not conforming to the stipulations of the contract or due to the valid storage period being exceeded, it shall not be liable for paying compensation.
2.對危險物品和易腐貨物，不按規定操作或妥善保管，造成毀損的，負責賠償損失。
b. If dangerous articles or perishable goods are not handled according to stipulations or are not carefully stored, and are thereby damaged, it shall be liable for paying compensation for the losses.
3.由于保管方的責任，造成退倉或不能入庫時，應按合同規定賠償存貨方運資和支付違約金。
c. If the goods are withdrawn from the warehouse or cannot be deposited in storage due to the fault of the safekeeping party, it shall make compensation for the storing party’s transportation expenses and pay breach of contract damages in accordance with the provisions of the contract.
4.由保管方負責發運的貨物，不能按期發貨，賠償存貨方逾期交貨的損失，錯發到貨地點，除按合同規定無償運到規定的到貨地點外，并賠償存償方因此而造成的實際損失。
d. In cases where it is the responsibility of the safekeeping party to transport the goods and it fails to ship them on time, it shall compensate the storing party for losses due to overdue delivery; if it sends them to the wrong destination, in addition to transporting the goods without charge to the destination as stipulated in the contract, it shall also compensate the storing party for the actual losses caused thereby.
二、存貨方責任：
1.Liability of the storing party:
1.易燃產、易爆、有毒等危險物品和易腐物品，必須在合同中注明，并提供必要的資料，否則造成貨物毀損或人身傷亡，承擔賠償責任直至刑事責任。
a. Flammable, explosive, poisonous and other dangerous articles and perishable articles must be noted in the contract, and the necessary data must be provided. Otherwise, if any damage to goods or human casualties are caused thereby, it shall be liable for paying compensation and may even be subject to criminal liability.
2.超議定儲存量儲存或逾期不提時，除交納保管費外，還應償付約金。
b. If the weight stored exceeds that agreed upon or the goods are not picked up on time, in addition to the payment of storage fees, it shall also pay breach of contract damages.
第三十八條 違反財產租賃合同的責任
Article 39 Liability for breach of a contract for the lease of property.
一、承擔方的責任：
1.liability of the lessee:
1.由于使用保管或維修保養不當，造成租用財產損壞、丟失的，負責修復或貽償。
a. If improper use and safekeeping of the leased property or failure to maintain and keep it in good repair causes damage to or destruction of the property, it shall be responsible for restoration of the property or payment of compensation.
2.擅自拆改房屋、設備、機具等財產，負責賠償由此而造成的損失。
b. If it dismantles or alters a house, equipment, machine tools or other property without permission, it shall be liable for making compensation for the losses caused thereby.
3.擅自將租賃財產轉租或進行非法活動，出租方有權解除合同。
c. If it sublets the leased property without permission or carries out illegal activities, the lessor shall have the right to rescind the contract.
4.逾期不還租賃財產，除補交租金外，還應償付違約金。
d. If the leased property is not returned at the specified time, in addition to paying the supplemental rent, it shall also pay breach of contract damages.
二、出租方的責任：
2.Liability of the lessor:
1.未按合同規定的時間提供出租財產，應償付違約金。
a. If it does not provide the leased property at the time stipulated in the contract, it shall pay breach of contract damages.
2.未按合同規定質量提供出租財產，負責賠償由此而靠造成的損失。
b. If it does not provide the leased property in accordance with the quality stipulated in the contract, it shall be liable for paying compensation for the losses caused thereby.
3.未按合同規定提供有關設備、附件等，致使承租方不能如期正常使用的，除按規定如數補齊外，還應償付約金。
c. If it does not supply related equipment, accessories, etc., in accordance with the provisions of the contract and thereby cause the lessee to be unable to make timely and regular use of the leased property, in addition to supplying what is necessary in accordance with stipulations, it shall also pay breach of contract damages.
4.出租船舶、車輛等大型工具，如因出租方操作不當或服務人員的過失，造成租賃逾期，按合同或有關規定償還承租方違約金。
d. In the leasing of vessels, vehicles and other large-scale instruments, if improper handling by the lessor or the negligence of service personnel causes the period of the lease to be prolonged, it shall pay the lessee breach of contract damages in accordance with the contract or other relevant stipulations.
第三十九條 違反借款合同的責任
Article 39 Liability for breach of a loan contract.
一、貸款方的責任：
(1) Liability of the lender:
貸款方不按合同規定及時貸款，應償付違約金。
If the lender does not make a loan in a timely manner in accordance with the provisions of the contract, it shall pay breach of contract damages.
二、借款方的責任：
(2) Liability of the borrower:
借款方不按合同規定歸還貸款的。應當承擔違約責任。并加付利息。
If the borrower does not repay the loan in accordance with the provisions of the contract, it shall bear the liability for breach of contract and pay the additional interest.
借款方不按合同規定使用政策性貸款，應當加付利息；貸款方有權提前收回一部或全部貸款。
If the borrower does not utilize the loan granted for policy consideration in accordance with the provisions of the contract, it shall pay additional interest; and the lender shall have the right to recall part or all of the loan ahead of schedule.
第四十條 違反財產保險合同的責任
Article 41 Liability for breach of a property insurance contract.
一、保險方的責任：
(1) Liability of the insurer:
對于保險事故造成的損失，在保險金額的范圍內承擔賠償責任。
It shall be liable for paying indemnity for the losses caused by an insured accident within the scope of the insured amount.
被保險方為了避免或減少保險責任范圍內的損失而進行的施救、保護、整理、訴訟所支出的合理費用，根據合同規定償約。如果不及時償付。應承擔違約責任。
The reasonable expenses paid by the policy holder in order to avoid or reduce the losses within the scope of the insured liability by means of rescue, protection, repair or litigation shall be reimbursed in accordance with the provisions of the contract. If it does not indemnify the policy holder in a tmiely manner, it shall be liable for breach or contract.
二、投保方的責任：
(2) Liability of the policy holder:
投保方如隱瞞被保險財產的真實情況，保險方有權解除合同或不負賠償責任。
If the policy holder conceals the actual circumstances of the insured property, the insurer shall have the right to rescind the contract or shall not be liable for making indemnity.
投保方對被保險的財產發現有危險情況，不采取措施消除，同由此發生事故造成的損失由自己負責，保險方不負賠償責任。
If the policy holder discovers dangerous circumstances regarding the insured property and does not adopt measures to eliminate them, it shall be held solely liable for any losses from an accident caused thereby, and the insurer shall not be liable for making indemnity therefor.
第五章 經濟合同糾紛的調整和仲裁
Chapter Ⅴ Mediation and Arbitration of Economic Contract Disputes
第四十一條 經濟合同發生糾紛時，當事人可以通過協商或者調解解決。
Article 41 If a dispute over an economic contract develops, the parties may settle the dispute through consultation or mediation.
當事人不愿通過協商、調解解決或者協商、調解不成的，可以依據合同中的仲裁條款或者事后達成的書面仲裁協議，向仲裁機構中請仲裁。
If the parties are reluctant to settle the dispute through consultation or mediation or they fail in settling the dispute thereby, they may apply to an arbitration agency for arbitration in accordance with the arbitral clause in the contract or in accordance with the written arbitration agreement reached between them subsequently.
當事人沒有在經濟合同中訂立仲裁條款，事后又沒有達成書面仲裁協議的，可以向人民法院起訴。
If there is no arbitral clause concluded between the parties in the contract and no written arbitration agreement is reached subsequently, the parties may bring a lawsuit in the people’s court.
仲裁作出裁決，由仲裁機構制作仲裁裁決書。對仲裁機構的仲裁裁決。當事人應當履行。當事人一方在規定的限期內不履行仲裁機構的仲裁裁決的，另一方可以申請人民法院強制執行。
In the case of a decision made after arbitration, the arbitration agency shall issue an arbitration award. And the parties concerned shall enforce such arbitration award. If either party fails to enforce within the time limit the arbitration award made by the arbitration agency, the other party may apply to the people’s court for compulsory enforcement.
第四十二條 經濟合同爭議中請仲裁的期限為二年，自當事人知道或者應當知道其權利被侵害之日起計算。
Article 42 The term for application for arbitration of disputes over an economic contract shall be two years, which shall be counted from the date the party knows or should have known of the infringement of its rights.
第六章 經濟合同的管理
Chapter Ⅵ Administration of Economic Contracts
第四十三條 縣級以上各級人民政府工商行政管理部門和其他有關主管部門。依據法律、行政法規規定的職責，負責對經濟合同的監督。
Article 43 Administrative departments for industry and commerce of the people’s governments at or above the county level and other competent departments shall, in accordance with their respective functions and duties stipulated by the laws, administrative rules and regulations, be responsible for the supervision over the performance of economic contracts.
第四十四條 對利用經濟合同危害國家利益、社會公共利益的違法行為，由縣級以上各級人民政府工商行政管理部門和其他有關主管部門依據法律、行政法規規定的職責負責處理；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。
Article 44 Anyone who takes advantage of an economic contract to engage in illegal acts impairing the interests of the State and the social public interests shall be dealt with by the administrative departments for industry and commerce of the people’s governments at or above the county level and other relevant competent departments in accordance with their respective functions and duties as stipulated by the laws, administrative rules and regulations. If such an act constitutes a crime, the offender shall be investigated for criminal liability according to law.
