Researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine published a study showing that, because of food production and transportation factors, a population of heavier people contributes more harmful gases to the planet than a population of thin people.

Given that it takes more energy to move heavier people, transportation of heavier people requires more fuel, which creates more greenhouse gas emissions, the authors write.

"The main message is staying thin. It's good for you, and it's good for the planet," said Phil Edwards, senior lecturer at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

The study offers this novel approach to the global warming problem as U.S. lawmakers discuss the future of climate change legislation. This week, the the House Energy and Commerce Committee is scheduled to begin on a comprehensive energy and climate bill. On Friday, the Environmental Protection Agency announced that six greenhouse gases pose potential health hazards, an announcement that could prompt the regulation of the gases.

More than 1 billion adults worldwide are overweight, and about 300 million are obese, the study said. Generally, the body mass index, a measure of obesity, is increasing in most countries worldwide, from China to European countries to the United States.

BMI is going up because of the availability of food and motorized transportation, Edwards said. People are less active now than they were 30 years ago, and the prevalence of fast food has given people less healthy, more energy-dense options.

Using statistical models, the authors compared the distribution of BMI in the United Kingdom in the 1970s -- when 3.5 percent of the population was obese -- with a prediction for the country's BMI distribution in 2010, reflecting 40 percent obesity.

"In terms of environmental impact, the lean population has a much smaller carbon footprint," Edwards said.

The population with 40 percent obese people requires 19 percent more food energy for its total energy expenditure than the population with 3.5 percent obese people, the study showed.

This 19 percent increase in food consumption translates into an increase of 270 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions, the study said.

"The findings make sense and highlight an important global co-benefit of losing weight, along with the significant personal health benefits," said Patrick Kinney, associate professor at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health, who was not involved in the study.

In terms of obesity rate, the U.S. population is not far off from the overweight population model in this study. The country has 33.3 percent obese people, according to the Mayo Clinic.

The study suggests that governments have a responsibility to encourage people to be more physically active, Edwards said. Active transportation, such as cycling and walking, helps maintain a healthy weight but requires safe streets, he said.

"If the government wants to promote active transport, which would be good for the environment and for individual health, it needs to make the environment safe to do that," he said.

Although climate change has come into the forefront as a major world problem recently, this is not the first time scholars have thought about the connection between fossil fuel and body fat.

In 1978, a year the United States experienced an oil shock, a study in the American Journal of Public Health showed that if all overweight people in the country aged 18 to 79 reached their optimal weight, the resulting energy savings would equal 1.3 billion gallons of gasoline.

After the dieting period, about 750 million gallons of gasoline would be saved every year, said the authors, Bruce Hannon, professor at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, and Timothy Lohman, now professor emeritus at the University of Arizona.

Today, research has shown that the obesity epidemic costs the United States about $100 billion a year, said Dr. Martin Donohoe of Portland State University, who runs the Web site Public Health and Social Justice. In terms of energy expenditure, the average food product travels 1,500 miles to get to your table, he said.

Some measures to curb obesity include making healthier meals available in schools, putting nutritional information on food packages and menus, and banning trans fats, he said.

倫敦衛(wèi)生和熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)院的研究者們發(fā)布的最新研究結(jié)果顯示，由于食品生產(chǎn)加工和運(yùn)輸?shù)纫蛩�，超重的人群比瘦人們向地�?ldquo;貢獻(xiàn)”更多的有害氣體。

研究者們寫道，考慮到移動(dòng)胖人需要消耗更多的能量，體重更大者的運(yùn)輸就需要更多的燃料，這造成了更多的溫室氣體排放。

倫敦衛(wèi)生和熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)院的高級(jí)講師菲爾愛德華茲說，“報(bào)告主題就是要保持苗條身材。這有利于你個(gè)人，也有利于地球。”

美國立法者們正在討論有關(guān)氣候變暖立法的未來，而此時(shí)這項(xiàng)研究提供了一個(gè)解決全球變暖問題的新方法。眾議院能源和商務(wù)委員會(huì)定于本周提交一份綜合能源和氣候議案。周五時(shí)，環(huán)保署宣布6種溫室氣體會(huì)造成潛在的健康危害，這將推動(dòng)有關(guān)氣體方面的管理。

研究稱，全球有超過十億成年人超重，其中大約有3億人過度肥胖�？傮w而言，從中國到歐洲，再到美國，世界大多數(shù)國家的BMI（體重指數(shù)——肥胖測量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）一直在增長。

BMI因?yàn)槭澄锔�加容易獲得和機(jī)械化運(yùn)輸?shù)膶?shí)現(xiàn)而持續(xù)上升。因?yàn)槿藗儽?0年前更加懶散，快餐的流行也給了人們健康程度降低但熱量增加的選擇。

研究者們使用統(tǒng)計(jì)模型，比較了上世紀(jì)70年代英國的BMI分布數(shù)據(jù)與2010年的分布預(yù)測。前者的人口肥胖率為3.5%,而后者為40%。

愛德華稱：“就對(duì)環(huán)境的影響而言，體型瘦小人群的碳足跡要小得多。”

研究顯示，擁有40%肥胖率的人口，其所需能源消耗要比肥胖率為3.5%的人口多19%。

這19%的食物消費(fèi)增長相當(dāng)于新增2.7億噸溫室氣體的排放。

哥倫比亞大學(xué)郵差公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院的副教授Patrick Kinney并未參與此項(xiàng)研究，但他認(rèn)為：“這些結(jié)果非常有意義，它們揭示了減肥是為了全球的共同利益，對(duì)個(gè)人健康也益處良多。”

按照美國目前的人口肥胖率，研究中的超重人口模型并非遙不可及。根據(jù)Mayo Clinic的數(shù)據(jù)，美國現(xiàn)在擁有33.3%的肥胖人口。

愛德華認(rèn)為，該項(xiàng)研究建議政府應(yīng)承擔(dān)其責(zé)任，鼓勵(lì)人們參加更多的體育活動(dòng)。諸如騎車和散步等積極的運(yùn)動(dòng)，可以幫助保持健康的體重，但這需要安全的街道。

“如果政府想推廣此類運(yùn)動(dòng)——這對(duì)環(huán)境和個(gè)人健康都有益，那么它必須創(chuàng)造一個(gè)安全的環(huán)境。”

雖然氣候變化最近已經(jīng)作為一個(gè)世界性難題提上議程，但這并非學(xué)者們第一次考慮化石能源和人體脂肪之間的聯(lián)系。

早在1978年，美國經(jīng)歷石油危機(jī)之時(shí)，《美國公共健康雜志》的一項(xiàng)研究就顯示，如果美國從18歲到79歲的所有超重人口都保持理想體重，那么由此節(jié)省下來的能源相當(dāng)于13億加侖汽油。

據(jù)伊利諾斯大學(xué)香檳分校教授Bruce Hannon和亞利桑那大學(xué)的榮譽(yù)教授Timothy Lohman估計(jì)，在節(jié)食期過后，大約每年將節(jié)省7.5億加侖汽油。

來自波特蘭州立大學(xué)的Martin Donohoe教授說，目前研究已經(jīng)顯示美國每年因肥胖癥流行損失一千億美元，按照其能源消耗計(jì)算，食品在抵達(dá)餐桌之前平均需要旅行1500英里。

他說，阻止肥胖的措施包括在學(xué)校盡量提供更健康的飲食，在食品包裝和菜單上印制營養(yǎng)信息，還有取締反式脂肪酸。