大概沒幾個人不知道12月25日是圣誕節,但有多少人知道12月26日也是一個重要的節日呢?
Boxing Day is on December 26th, the day after Christmas, and is celebrated in Great Britain and in most areas settled1) by the English (the U.S. is an exception), including Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
圣誕節之后的第一天,即12月26號,是節禮日。在英國以及包括加拿大、澳大利亞和新西蘭在內的大多數英國人居住的地區(美國除外),人們都會慶祝這個節日。
Where does it originate?
Despite its name, Boxing Day has nothing to do with pugilistic2) competition. While the exact origins of the holiday are obscure3), it is likely that Boxing Day began in England during the Middle Ages.
Some historians say the holiday developed because servants were required to work on Christmas Day, but took the following day off. As servants prepared to leave to visit their families, their employers would present them with gift boxes.
Another theory is that the alms boxes4) placed in churches where parishioners5) deposited6) coins for the poor were opened and the contents distributed on December 26, which is also the Feast of St. Stephen7).
Still some believe, centuries ago, on the day after Christmas, members of the merchant class would give boxes containing food and fruit, clothing, and/or money to tradespeople and servants. The gifts were an expression of gratitude, much like when people receive bonuses8) from their employer for a job well done, today. These gifts, given in boxes, gave the holiday its name, "Boxing Day."
As time went by, Boxing Day gift-giving expanded to include those who had rendered9) a service during the previous year. This tradition survives today as people give presents to tradespeople, mail carriers, doormen, porters, and others who have helped them.
盡管名稱如此,節禮日卻與拳擊比賽毫不相干。 雖然節禮日的確切來源我們不得而知,但它很可能發祥于中世紀的英國。
一些歷史學家說,這個節日得以發展是由于圣誕節當天,仆人們仍要工作,但可以在翌日休息。在他們準備動身回去看望自己的家人時,雇主就會送給他們一些裝滿禮物的盒子。
另一理論則認為,在12月26日即圣史蒂芬日,人們會把放在教堂供教區居民為貧民捐款的布施箱打開,分發其中的善款。
還有一些人認為,幾百年前,在圣誕節后的這一天,商店的店主們會將裝有食品和水果,衣服和錢或是只有其一的盒子贈與顧客和仆人。這些禮物是表達謝意的一種方式,就像現在的員工因工作出色而收到老板獎勵的紅包一樣。這個假日便因裝在盒中的禮物而被命名為“節禮日”。
隨著時間的流逝,節禮日送禮的范圍擴大到那些在頭一年曾提供過任何服務的人們。這一習俗流傳了下來。現在,人們將禮物送給零售商、郵遞員、看門人、搬運工以及其他幫助過他們的人。
慶祝方式
按照傳統,節禮日是家家戶戶團聚的日子。在這一天,人們和自己的家人一起觀看體育比賽或是玩棋牌游戲。過去,狩獵是這一天最受歡迎的慶祝活動之一,人們常常會出去打鷦鷯或狐貍。
除了節禮日,在其他日子殺死一只鷦鷯都是不吉利的事情。被稱作“鷦男孩”的成群小男孩會在當天獵殺一只鷦,然后把死鷦鷯綁在一根桿子的頂部——這根桿子上會裝飾有冬青樹的枝條和絲帶。這群涂著小黑臉的男孩子們在家家戶戶門前唱歌,索要硬幣、禮物或是食物。
在圣誕節期間,人們收到的禮物中經常有一些是自己不需要或不想要的。人們常會把這些禮物重新包裝后轉贈他人。但如果送來的禮盒內附有原始的購物小票,那人們多半會去商場辦理退貨。而商家此時也會進行圣誕節后的促銷活動,商品價格十分誘人。退貨的人通常會用退款再去購買一些自己需要的便宜貨。
How is it celebrated?
Traditionally, Boxing Day is a day when families get together. It is a day of watching sports on playing board games with the family. In the past, hunting was one of the favourite activities on this day. People usually went hunting for wrens10) or foxes.
It is unlucky to kill a wren on any day other than Boxing Day. Groups of young boys known as "Wren boys" would hunt a wren and then tie the dead bird to the top of a pole decorated with holly sprigs11) and ribbons. With blackened faces, the group would sing at houses in hopes of receiving coins, gifts or food.
節日來源
盡管名稱如此,節禮日卻與拳擊比賽毫不相干。 雖然節禮日的確切來源我們不得而知,但它很可能發祥于中世紀的英國。
一些歷史學家說,這個節日得以發展是由于圣誕節當天,仆人們仍要工作,但可以在翌日休息。在他們準備動身回去看望自己的家人時,雇主就會送給他們一些裝滿禮物的盒子。
另一理論則認為,在12月26日即圣史蒂芬日,人們會把放在教堂供教區居民為貧民捐款的布施箱打開,分發其中的善款。
還有一些人認為,幾百年前,在圣誕節后的這一天,商店的店主們會將裝有食品和水果,衣服和錢或是只有其一的盒子贈與顧客和仆人。這些禮物是表達謝意的一種方式,就像現在的員工因工作出色而收到老板獎勵的紅包一樣。這個假日便因裝在盒中的禮物而被命名為“節禮日”。
隨著時間的流逝,節禮日送禮的范圍擴大到那些在頭一年曾提供過任何服務的人們。這一習俗流傳了下來。現在,人們將禮物送給零售商、郵遞員、看門人、搬運工以及其他幫助過他們的人。
慶祝方式
按照傳統,節禮日是家家戶戶團聚的日子。在這一天,人們和自己的家人一起觀看體育比賽或是玩棋牌游戲。過去,狩獵是這一天最受歡迎的慶祝活動之一,人們常常會出去打鷦鷯或狐貍。
除了節禮日,在其他日子殺死一只鷦鷯都是不吉利的事情。被稱作“鷦男孩”的成群小男孩會在當天獵殺一只鷦,然后把死鷦鷯綁在一根桿子的頂部——這根桿子上會裝飾有冬青樹的枝條和絲帶。這群涂著小黑臉的男孩子們在家家戶戶門前唱歌,索要硬幣、禮物或是食物。
古代的Christmas box是指一種陶土質地的盒子,盒子上開著一個可以塞進硬幣的小口,很像現在放硬幣的儲蓄罐。從17世紀早期起,西方的學徒和送貨員們都會在圣誕節帶上這么個盒子,去拜訪自己的師傅或老客戶,希望他們在盒子里放一些小費作圣誕禮物。籌集到足夠多的“圣誕禮物”后,他們就會把盒子砸開,取出里面的錢和其他的學徒或送貨員分享。后來,可能由于圣誕節當天家家戶戶都很忙碌,這一傳統的收禮儀式就被推遲到了圣誕節后的第一天。到18世紀時,盡管這種Christmas box慢慢銷聲匿跡了,但給小費這一傳統卻被保留了下來,這種小費從此被稱為Christmas box。Boxing Day或許也由此得名。
"The wren, the wren, the king of all birds
On St. Stephen's Day was caught in the furze12),
We hunted him far and hunted him near
And found him under the bushes here.
Hurrah, my boys, hurrah!
Hurrah, my boys, hurrah!
Knock at the knocker and ring at the bell,
And give us a copper for singing so well."
“鷦鷯,鷦鷯,鳥中之王
圣史蒂芬日在荊豆花叢中被捉,
我們到處把它找,
發現它在灌叢里。
太棒啦,孩子們,萬歲!
太棒啦,孩子們,萬歲!
叩響門環,按響鈴,
唱得這么好,請給個銅板作獎勵。”
Those that gave money to the boys would receive a feather from the wren as thanks. The collected money was then used to host a village dance.
Fox hunting used to be popular in Boxing Day. But now it is banned.
Today, Boxing Day is spent with family and friends with lots of food and sharing of friendship and love. Government buildings and small businesses are closed but the malls are open — Shopping is a popular Boxing Day activity, and the malls are usually filled with people taking advantage of13) after-Christmas bargains.
Besides these activities, many businesses, organizations, and families try to keep the traditional spirit of Boxing Day alive by donating their time, services, and money to aid Food Banks14), providing gifts for the poor, or helping an individual family that is in need.
那些給錢的人將會從男孩子們那里得到一根鷦鷯毛作為答謝。孩子們籌集到的這些錢將被用來舉辦一個鄉村舞會。
節禮日獵狐活動在過去十分受歡迎,但現在已被取締。
今天,人們在節禮日會和家人、朋友一起享用許多的美食,分享友誼與關愛。政府機關和小商店都會關門,但購物中心卻照常營業——購物可是節禮日人氣最旺的一項活動;這一天,購物中心里通常擠滿了顧客,他們想利用圣誕節后的大甩賣,為自己多淘些便宜貨。
除此之外,許多企業、組織和家庭都試圖通過種種方式保留節禮日的傳統精神——奉獻他們的時間、服務和金錢來支持食物銀行,向窮人贈送禮物或是幫助一戶困難的人家